Tuesday, December 7, 2010

Polyp Inside Bottom Lip Toddler







It 's the world's largest machine
There is a structure that is the world's largest 27 km ; light despite its size is only 38,000 tons weighs less than 50 Eurostar trains. CMS experiment, 12,500 tons, 7,000 tons ATLAS experiment. IN CMS there is more iron than the Eiffel Tower.

E 'the coldest place in the universe but also the hottest spot of the galaxy Much of this machine is kept at a temperature over 271 degrees below zero . As the collisions occur at points where it reaches a temperature 1000 billion times greater than Heart of the Sun

Each of the filaments 6300 superconducting niobium-titanium present in the LHC has a thickness of about 6 thousandths of a millimeter , 10 times thinner than a human hair.

The protons will travel in the LHC, once they reach the maximum energy at a rate equal to 0.999999991 the speed of light, that is very close to top speed Universe.

Each proton make every second, 11,000 revolutions ring of 27 km

beams of protons will cross 40 million times per second.

number of collisions in the system: up to 25 collisions between protons every 25 nanoseconds (billionths of a second), or about 1 billion collisions per second.

LHC is composed of 2000 superconducting magnets maintained at a temperature of -271 ° C

It 's the biggest factory of the world's information
Each year, the data produced by the LHC experiments will produce the equivalent of one hundred thousand DVD.


the LHC cost of € 2 billion
cost of the experiments CMS ATLAS LHCb ALICE LHCf TOTEM
Total cost (million €) 327.5 335.44 46.875 81.25 1.0 4.27
Europe Contribution (million €) 226.25 218.125 42.812 65.625 0.416 4.00
INFN Contribution (million €) 42.5 35.625 6.875 22.5 0.416 1.40





Participants
CMS ATLAS LHCb ALICE LHCf TO
Number participating countries 37 35 14 28 6 7
Number participating institutions 161 151 51 78 10 9
Number Italian Institutes participating 16 13 9 13 2 3
Number INFN researchers who collaborate 210 190 90 150 8 28


Pa rtecipazione Italian LHC

Italy participates in the construction LHC at CERN as part of its contribution as a member (the division of budget between CERN member countries is made according to GDP)

in 2006, Italy contributed to 12.3% of the budget of CERN amounted to 77.06 million of €

Italian industry had a return of the sun orders paid with a total budget of about Cern € 88 million (which is above the Italian contribution to CERN)

this return are added to the domestic procurement orders from INFN.


Return industrial

In recent years physics has increased its effects on industry, from CERN. While the contribution of the Italian state was stable over the past 5 years (79 million euro), the industrial return has risen from 33 million € in 2001 to 54 in 2002 to 66 in 2003 to 88 in 2004 and 2005.









0 comments:

Post a Comment